［2022］ハイイロオオカミのゲノムの歴史から明らかになった犬の二重祖先

Grey wolf genomic history reveals a dual ancestry of dogs

書誌情報Bergström, A., Stanton, D.W.G., Taron, U.H. et al. Grey wolf genomic history reveals a dual ancestry of dogs. Nature 607, 313–320 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04824-9

Notice

表題の論文を日本語訳してみました。翻訳アプリにかけた日本語訳を英文に照らして修正していますが、表記のゆれや訳の間違いがあるかもしれません。正確に内容を知りたい方は、原文をご覧ください。

Abstract：要旨

The grey wolf (Canis lupus) was the first species to give rise to a domestic population, and they remained widespread throughout the last Ice Age when many other large mammal species went extinct.

ハイイロオオカミ（Canis lupus）は、家畜として飼われるようになった最初の種であり、他の多くの大型哺乳類が絶滅した最後の氷河期を通じて広く生息していた。

Little is known, however, about the history and possible extinction of past wolf populations or when and where the wolf progenitors of the present-day dog lineage (Canis familiaris) lived.

しかし、過去のオオカミ個体群の歴史や絶滅の可能性、あるいは現在のイヌ科（Canis familiaris）の祖先となるオオカミがいつどこで暮らしていたのかについては、ほとんどわかっていない。

Here we analysed 72 ancient wolf genomes spanning the last 100,000 years from Europe, Siberia and North America.

ここでは、ヨーロッパ、シベリア、北アメリカから過去10万年にわたる72の古代オオカミゲノムを分析した。

We found that wolf populations were highly connected throughout the Late Pleistocene, with levels of differentiation an order of magnitude lower than they are today.

私たちは、オオカミの個体群は後期更新世を通じて高度に連結しており、分化のレベルは現在よりも桁違いに低いことを発見した。

This population connectivity allowed us to detect natural selection across the time series, including rapid fixation of mutations in the gene IFT88 40,000–30,000 years ago.

この集団の連結性によって、4万～3万年前のIFT88遺伝子の突然変異の急速な固定化など、時系列にわたる自然選択を検出することができた。

We show that dogs are overall more closely related to ancient wolves from eastern Eurasia than to those from western Eurasia, suggesting a domestication process in the east.

我々は、イヌは全体的に西ユーラシアのオオカミよりも東ユーラシアの古代のオオカミに近縁であることを示しており、これは東方での家畜化の過程を示唆している。

However, we also found that dogs in the Near East and Africa derive up to half of their ancestry from a distinct population related to modern southwest Eurasian wolves, reflecting either an independent domestication process or admixture from local wolves.

しかし、我々はまた、近東とアフリカのイヌが、祖先の最大半分を現代のユーラシア南西部のオオカミに関連する別個の集団に由来することを発見した。これは、独立した家畜化の過程か、地元のオオカミからの混血を反映している。

None of the analysed ancient wolf genomes is a direct match for either of these dog ancestries, meaning that the exact progenitor populations remain to be located.

分析された古代のオオカミのゲノムは、いずれもこれらのイヌの祖先と直接一致しなかった。

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Keywords:

Archaeology, Ecological genetics, Evolutionary genetics, Population genetics

Grey wolf genomic history reveals a dual ancestry of dogs - Nature

DNA from ancient wolves spanning 100,000 years sheds light on wolves’ evolutionary history and the genomic origin of dogs.